I
vivek bhatt student of the H.N.B.G.U. A central University, Srinagar Garhwal,
hereby declare that I have completed the project entitled-“JIM CORBETT NATIONAL
PARK”. In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the 4th semester of the
MBA in Travel And Tourism Management course for the academic year 2018-2020.
I
further declare that information submitted by me is true and original to the
best of my knowledge.
Submitted
to Signature
(Dr. Rashmi Dhodi) (Vivek bhatt)
Table
of Contents
1. Introduction………………………………………………
. History of
jim Corbett national park..............................
. Geography………………………………………………
. About Jim Corbett National Park……………………….
. Methodology of jim Corbett national park…………….
. Eco tourism
of jim corbett national park ……………….
. Fauna…………………………………………………..…
. Flora…………..……………………..…………………...
. Projects
for Wildlife Conservation in Jim Corbett……..
. Safari
Zones: …………………………………………...
. Best Time
to Visit the Park: …………………………..
. Rules and
Regulations for Visitors:……………………
. Other
attractions ………………………………...........
. In popular
culture ………………..………………........
. Bird
Watching Experience…………………………...
. Good Points about Corbett National Park…………….
. Bad Points about Corbett National Park …..…………
Introduction
Corbett national park is a
beautiful place for tourism. It is situated in Uttarakhand state (which is in
India). This park is located in the down part of Himalayas surrounded by
districts of Nainital, Pauri Garhwal, Almora and Bijnore. This park covered an
area about 1300 sq.km, which included about 500sq.km of central park of the
city and 800 sq.km of defence area. This area is formed as a national park and
the defence area is formed as Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary and reserve forests.
The parks have sub-Himalayan belt geographical and ecological
characteristics. This park will come under ECO-TOURISM in which this park was
formed by 488 different species of different plants. Due to increase of
tourists and some other problems, this park has faced serious challenges for
their ecological balance.
In the year 1957, this park runs from side to side to the river.
In the same year, this park was again given name as a Corbett national park.
Jim Corbett National Park after the carnival it have turned as a hunter
environmental who was silent probably the residents area of man and animals,
better than anyone else and he helped so much for setting up the boundaries of
national park.
However he perhaps fame to greatest claim for Jim Corbett lies in
the Park. This park is one of the most important tourist destinations in India.
Corbett national park is famed for its wealth and different
species of its wildlife which is included with 50 species of mammals and more
than 580 species of birds. This park is a safe place for tigers, Indian
elephants, wild dogs, leopards, hog deer, Indian pangolin. This is located in
Terai of Uttarakhand but now we can rarely seen outside of this park.
The Ram-ganga River is a basis of attractive to numerous winter traveler
birds. A number of high heights above sea level birds also visit the park
during winter time. The height of Corbett national park range from 400m to
1200m above sea level. Almost 75% of the park is covered by thick moist
deciduous forest with a majority of Sal trees together with pipal, haldu,
rohini and mango trees. 10%/15% of the area is covered by a collection of
grasslands in the Jeep Safari and elephant safari are located in the park. Jeep
safari and Elephant Safari are a collection of tigers, Elephants and this park
is a good place for visitors. This elephant safari will show the deep natural
forest view and close to the wildlife without scarring the animals away.
Generally visitors can observe wildlife at Corbett national park contains
spotted deer, boars, sambar, barking deer, langur, monkeys, peacocks and herds
of wild Elephants. Corbett national park controls over 580 different species of
birds. On request tourists can also get hold of commonly found list of birds
and mammals in this park.
HISTORY
Being
the oldest national park in India the Corbett National Park holds a vast and
gripping history. The British, after evicting the Boksas tribe in the early
1860s, embarked on preserving the forest against cultivation and cattle
farming. Later in 1879 the forests were constituted into a Reserve Forest and
in the early 1900s the idea of setting up a national park on the territory was
fed back. The process of setting the boundary was led by Sir Jim Corbett in the
year 1936. In the beginning corbett national park was
called the Hailey National Park, covering an area of 323.75 sq kms
boasting Asia’s first national park and one of the tiger reserves, then the government of Utterpradesh was named Sir Malcolm
Hailey. After independence this park was renamed Ram Ganga National Park. Then
1957 this national park was given name Corbett National Park in remembrances of
the famous hunter. Dhikala in Corbett National Park has the differences between
the scenes. In 1974 for the launch of project tiger, India is ambitiously
conservation program to save the tiger. The creation of 9 tiger reserves
including Corbett national park was announced. In 1972, India’s tiger
population fell to an all time low of 1,800. A 1993 census suggested that
India's tiger population stands at 3750.
In
the 20th century the process of demarcation was initialized, owing to Corbett
Tiger Reserve, by adding the entire Kalagarh forest division that also includes
the area of Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary. Today the Jim Corbett National Park
comprises an area of 1,318.54 square kilometres including 520 square kilometres
of core area and 797.72 square kilometres of buffer area and is one of the
thirteen protected areas covered by World Wildlife Fund under their Terai Arc
Landscape Programme.
Corbett National Park in India is a important park, in which the
rules of protection are to be securely followed by visitors, park workers and
the Kumauni villagers, and this made easy for the reason that is a park
much-loved of all who visits. The hygienic river ramganga is the living source
of this park. The plants at Corbett national park are thick mixed deciduous
with a wide selection of trees including the grand sal, and creepers, shrubs,
bamboo's and grassed.
This is a beautiful perfect park, the air full of fresh fragrances
and expectation. That will come in with modesty, meaningful that you are in a
celebrity else’s houses. this park is a superb lesson in biodiversity. Morning
fog over the river blue skies with idle clouds, bird songs speckledy sunlight
pointed perfume a crunch in the grass.
In the year of 1858, the British rulers provided protection to
this park. In 1879, this park was
declared as a reserved forest. Between 1900 - 1910 Jim Corbett lead shikar
parties and killed two man-eaters. In 1910 Jim Corbett gave up killing as a
mere sport and became the saviour of the villagers, delivering them from maneaters.
Geography
The
Jim Corbett National Park comprises of numerous ravines, ridges, minor streams
and small plateaus secluded within the Lesser Himalaya and Shivalik. It
exhibits a vast ecosphere that is bedded with moist deciduous forest and
subtropical pine forest securing several and rare species of plant life. The
territory being set on the foot of the Himalaya dwells with a chilling winter
but the summers are generally hot and dry.
About
Jim Corbett National Park
The
very first National Park in mainland Asia, the unique wildlife diversity and
breathtaking wildlife of Jim Corbett National Park was identified in the year
1936. Ever since, Corbett attained the distinction of becoming of first
National Park in Asia. Edward James Hunter was a renowned hunter during the
British era in India but after looking at the declining numbers of Tigers in
the Park, Edward turned into a conservationist.
Therefore,
the Park got its name after James Edward Corbett who invested his life in
conserving the nature and wildlife of this National Park. Before that, the Park
was named as ‘Hailey National Park’ till 1971 when Government of India launched
the ‘Project Tiger’ for conserving Tigers in Corbett National Park.
The
rich history and most diverse wildlife make this Park as one of the top tourist
attraction in India. To the originally declared land for National Park, other
areas were added with time and now the total area covered by the National Park
is 1288.31 square kms.
The
tourism into the state of Uttarakhand is therefore quite prominent and more
than thousand of hotels and resortshave come up in the surrounding areas of Jim
Corbett for providing better staying opportunities for tourists.
Unique
Wildlife and Nature
In
the massive 521 sq km area of the Jim Corbett National Park, the most diverse
and versatile wildlife stays harmoniously with nature. The Park is a perfect combination of hills
and plains with Shivalik Himalayas on side and plain large landscapes on the
other.
The
streams, rivers and ridges crisscrossing the terrain, present Corbett with a
remarkable variety of landscapes. The soft flowing streams, wavering rivers and
ridges crisscross the Park terrain. Spectacularly beautiful landscapes spread
across wide areas of Park creating a perfect habitat for different wildlife.
This
vivid mosaic of habitats wet and dry, plain and mountainous, gentle and rugged,
forests and grasslands supports numerous plant and animal species, representing
Himalayan as well as plains ecosystem.
The
massive and most beautiful creatures- The Royal Bengal Tiger are the famous
residents of the Park along with beautiful Asiatic Elephants. Additionally, 550
species of avifauna living and constantly migrating to this Park creates a
richest bird region in the Country. Consequently, the Park has been declared as
an 'Important Bird Area' (IBA) by Birdlife International.
Methodology
Due to limited previously research on this park in tourism, this
study takes a tentative approach. The method selects is qualitatively, in the
form of questionnaires interview's. The in-depth interviews will be under taken
by the visitor's of Jim Corbett National Park. There are number of technique's
used in calculating. I intended to use the short method proposed by Based on
Zeithaml et al(1988). The information for measurements of the area mentioned
above will come from secondary data. (Newspaper and Media etc.)
Provenance
The data for this analysis will come data from the INDIA tourism's
boards, articles from newspapers, WWW, journal's and media. The researchers
will drawing on the following works to assist with these measurements.
books have publishes in the park as mentioned below Man-eaters of
kumaon.
Temple Tiger and More Man-eaters of Kumaon.
Jungle Lore.
The Man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag.
What is Ecotourism?
commonly ecotourism means creating of little environmental impact
probable and helping to sustain places encourages the defence of wildlife and
habitats when visitors are visiting this place. The responsibility of
development of ecotourism is taken by the tourism and tourism development
sectors, in which it will encouraged the natural life of living aspects and it
is also the key to sustainable ecological development.
Now-a-days the Green Laws of preservation are making people
awareness of how man and the environment can live symbiotically for more time
to come and eco-tourism is the only way make best uses of the economics,
environmental and social benefits of tourism's. Every person is stakeholder's
in this process and we clearly need to avoid our long ago limitations and
harmful impacts that they cover.
Ecotourism of Jim Corbett national park
The main purpose of eco-tourism is to focus on the protections of
wildlife's and the reserved management. In the year 1993 ecotourism management
started training for staff which covers history of this park, visitor's
management and park naturalists.
In 1995 they have recruited more guides to reach the customers
need and to do the good marketing. This project allowed the staff to guide the
travelers about the activities of the management. After a long time the
government of India have organized several workshops on ecotourism in Corbett
national park in which to develop their surrounding regions. This park is
remain protected my Garhwali region.
In the year of 1995 Riley have said that best chances of viewing
of tigers is to come late in the dry season that is in between the months of
April to mid of June and elephants can be seen in any day
In the year of 1997 tiwari and josh have said that in between the
months of April – June this place is best for the Indian tourists and they have
recommended in between the months of November – January for the foreign
tourists.
In the year of 1991 this park have covered 3237 tourist vehicles
which is carrying about 47,215 visitors during the tourism seasons between 15th
November-15th June. The main concept of Jim Corbett National Park will show the
natural ecotourism. Excessive trampling of soil due to tourist pressure has led
to reduce of plant species and has also results in reducing of soil moisture.
Majority of visitors have used the wood as a fuel for cooking
usually this fuel is obtained from nearby forests which is resulted great
pressure on forest ecosystem of the park and visitors have got so many problems
by making noise, littering.
In the year of 2007 young photographer Mr. Kahini Ghosh Mehta have
taken a challenge for promoting healthy tourism about Corbett national park and
he is the person who have made first time travel guide on Corbett.
The first film which is named wild saga of Corbett has provided
the information about needed by a tourist before when they are planning to
visit a park and they have collected the tips from the senior park official,
nature guides and naturalists. At the present time visitors can get a DVD’s
copy of this film from the bombay natural history society (BNHS)
Fauna
The
Corbett National Park is an abode to several endangered species. Leopards are
easily spotted whereas the Corbett Tiger Reserve also houses Bengal Tigers,
which lies in wait. Nonetheless barking
deer, sambar deer, hog deer and chital, Sloth and Himalayan black bears, Indian
grey mongoose, otters, yellow-throated martens, Himalayan goral, Indian
pangolins, and langur and Rhesus macaques are quite often spotted. The park
also includes several species of cats like the jungle cat, fishing cat and
leopard cat. One of the major attractions is the Indian python and the park is
also a haven to several species of birds like the crested serpent eagle,
blossom-headed parakeet and the red jungle fowl. Further there are more than
500 species of birds, 33 species of reptiles, seven species of amphibians,
seven species of fish and 36 species of dragonflies that makes it a WILD DEN to
the WHIZZ WILDERS (travellers onto jungle safaris).
Flora
It
won’t be wrong to claim the Jim Corbett National Park as the most richly
populated with most diverse and unique wildlife in India. The Jim Corbett
National Park comprise of freshwater flora and alpine flora. The alpine flora
which is prominent in the Park is Sal trees, Chaurs, Kahir-Sissoo forests and
much more.
There
are approximately 600 species of trees, shrubs, grasses, ferns, herbs, climbers
and bamboos.
Other
alpine flora of Jim Corbett National Park is Pine trees, ChinChoti trees, Oaks
could also be seen here and there which is truly a Himalayan species. Prominent
Palm species are Date Palms found in the open and well-lighted areas. Kanju
(Holopteliaintegrifolia), Jamun (Syzygiumcumini) and Aamla (Emblica
Officinalis) are seen in the moist areas. Other tree species comprise Bel,
Kusum, Mahua and Bakli.
Also,
many artificial tree species are implanted in the Park that comprises Teak
(Tectona grandis), Eucalyptus, Jacaranda, Silver Oak, and Bottlebrush.
Not
only trees, even grasses, shrubs, Bamboo are prominently present in the Park.
There are over 70 known and registered species of grasses in the Corbett
Park. Male Bamboo is another prominent
flora species that inhabits the major area in Jim Corbett Park. All the rich
and unique flora of Jim Corbett makes it what it is- unique and rich in its
flora.
Projects
for Wildlife Conservation in Jim Corbett
In
the words of Jane Goodall, “If we kill off the wild, then we are killing a part
of our souls.” The conservation efforts that are taken up in Corbett clearly
follow this thought. There are many conservation projects running in Corbett in
order to protect its bewildering flora and fauna. The Corbett Foundation is a
significant organization working for the conservation of animals in Corbett.
The
Corbett Foundation
The
Corbett Foundation is a non-government and non-profit association working for
the conservation of the animals in the park. The Corbett Foundation comprises a
set of devoted men and women, who are dedicated to the conservation of wildlife
and nature’s bounty, and to the accomplishment
of the goal that human beings and nature must breathe together in
coherence.
What
are the objectives of wildlife conservation projects in Corbett?
To
protect and safeguard the exclusive ecosystems of Corbett in the foothills of
the Himalayas.
To
reinstate the natural harmony between humans and the flora and fauna in the
natural setting.
To
restore the prehistoric culture of the hill people of Kumaon and Garhwal areas.
To
re-establish the places where Jim Corbett stayed.
To
create attentiveness for the prominence of conservation of the Corbett country
for future generations and to escalate the co-existence of man and wildlife in
their natural setting.
Funding
wildlife research projects that are entirely result-oriented. Concentrating the
State and Central administrations’ attention on precise conservation matters.
Raising
resources to achieve the above purposes.
Major
animal conservation projects in Corbett
There
is a wide assortment of wildlife species in Corbett. Some of the major animal
species found in Corbett are tigers, elephants, crocodile, Deer, Para or Hog
Deer, Sambar, Kakar or Barking Deer, Leopards, Langurs, Wild boars, Gharials,
etc. The park conserves all of these species in its bewildering woods.
Three
key conservation projects running in Corbett are namely:
· Project Tiger
· Crocodile Conservation
Project
· Project Elephant
1. What is
Project Tiger?
Project
Tiger is a special conservation project to conserve the rare species of big
royal cats. In India, this plan was first practiced in Jim Corbett National
Park.
The
History of Project Tiger
Jim
Corbett launched the project tiger in the year 1972, when the population of
tigers declined to an all time low of 1800. This dwindling tiger count
attracted the attention of the Government which then took quick steps to
safeguard these tigers from being extinct. Just after the Wildlife Protection
act was enacted in 1972, a new scheme to protect the tiger was mooted. This
scheme was named as Project Tiger.
This
project first came into practice in Corbett National Park on 1st April 1973 in
Dhikala Zone. At that time, there were nine tiger reserves with the total tiger
population pegged at 268.
Consequently,
more protected regions were taken under the canopy of Project Tiger and the
tiger count in India noticeably enhanced. It was projected at over 4,000 tigers
as per the 1989 census.
Although,
the 1993 census revealed that there was decline in the population of tigers
with the total number of 3,750. The major reason for this decline was the
increase in poaching of the tigers. The bones were used in the Korean and
Chinese Medicine.
In
recent times, more regions were taken under the Project Tiger and were declared
as tiger reserves. Presently there are 43 tiger reserves in India. More areas
are supposed to be merged in the list of these reserved areas for tigers.
Reasons
behind the launch of Project Tiger
In
the largest peninsula, the tiger count went through a heavy drop after
independence. The major reasons for this decline were as follows:
· Alteration of
forestland in order to create pathway for developmental activities like road
and rail construction, hydroelectric schemes, irrigation projects etc.
· The damage and
disintegration of wildlife locale under mounting human wants for fodder, fuel
and drawing out of non-timber woods products.
· Hunting and poaching
of the royal cats for amusement.
Different
roles of the officials in Project Tiger
The
Indian Government governs the project Tiger as the Directorate of Project Tiger
that comes under the ministry of Environs and Forests. The Director who
monitors and supervises the running of tiger reserves and brings the financial
aids to various state governments manages this project. State governments have
the administrative control on Project Tiger. The field Director submits the
report to the Chief Wildlife Warden. The Deputy Directors and general field
staffs assist the field director.
The
state governments receive full financial help for non-recurring and
half-financial support for the recurring items that are approved.
Objectives
of Project Tiger
The
major objectives to launch the Project Tiger are as follows:
· To make certain
that the viable count of tigers is maintained in the country for economic,
scientific, ecological and cultural reasons.
- To safeguard such regions of biological significance as a nationwide inheritance for education, amusement and benefit of the masses.
2.
Crocodile Conservation Project
The
Crocodile Conservation Project was introduced in the year 1976. The chief
objective of the project was to protect the nation’s three rare crocodilian
species, viz. the freshwater crocodile, Gharial and the saltwater crocodile.
Objectives
of Crocodile Conservation Project
To
ensure that the breeding of species remain captive.
Assortment
of eggs from regular haunt, ensuing crosshatching and nurturing of crocodiles
in captivity to lessen mortality because of the natural predators and lastly
released into the wild.
The
rehabilitation of the gharial was a subunit of the Crocodile Conservation
Project. It was emphasized on Gharial predominantly. The Gharial was on the
brink of extinction in the year 1974.
More
than 250 Gharial were released in the Ramganga River in Corbett, between
1982-1994.
3. Project
Elephant
Project
Elephant is aimed at saving the habitation of the giants. This project was
started in 1991-92 to support the states that have a larger number of elephants
in order to make certain the long-term existence of these mighty creatures in
their natural abodes. To meet the aim of this project, the states are also
provided financial, scientific and technical aid as well.
Objectives
of Project Elephant
The
foremost goals of Project Elephant are mentioned below:
· Ecological
reinstatement of existing natural habitats and elephant relocation routes.
· Progress of
scientific and designed management for protection of elephant habitats and
possible count of wild Asiatic elephants in India.
· Encourage
measures for the alleviation of man-elephant clash in vital habitats and
restrain pressures of human and domestic stock actions in essential elephant
haunts.
· Intensification
of steps for safety of Wild elephants from poachers and unnatural reasons of
death.
· Study on the
issues related to Project Elephant management.
· Programs for the
education and awareness of masses.
· Veterinary care
· Eco-development
Safari
Zones
For
the travelers, 797.72 square kilometers of buffer area within the Corbett
National Park is open to explore and is divided into five zones that includes
Dhikala, Jhirna, Bijrani, Sonanadi and Domunda. Amongst them Bijrani, Jhirna,
Sonanadi and Domunda comes within the Jeep safari Zone whereas Canter Safari
Zone only covers Dhikala Zone. The Jeep Safari Zones are open to travelers from
01st of October whereas the Canter Zone is open from 15th of November. Most of
the areas within the park are closed from 15th of June to 30th September.
Safari
Timings in Corbett:
To
dig into the wild the Forest Department has set fixed timings specifically for
each zone. The Safari timings are divided into two schedules, morning and
afternoon. From October to March, the morning safari starts from 07 and the
afternoon safari is from 2.00. From April to June the morning safaris are from
5.45 whereas the afternoon safari from 03:00. Only for the Dhikala Zone, the
afternoon safari starts from 11.30 from November to March considering from
April to June the afternoon safari is scheduled from 12.30 pm.
Best
Time to Visit the Park:
Except
the monsoon, from July to mid October, the Corbett National Park is open for
the WHIZZ WILDERS. Nonetheless, to spot the endangered animals like tigers and
leopards, winter is the best time to visit Corbett National Park. Moreover June
is ideal for a nature walk whereas April and May is perfect for WILD SUNBURN,
so summer is not the best time.
Rules
and Regulations for Visitors:
Obliviously
you are not exploring the forest to be a prey to carnivores, SO major parts of
the forest are just not ideal to step out of the Jeep or Canter. Anyways being
in the wild and encountering one it is advisable not to yell at them and tease
them and don’t try to domesticate them by feeding them. Well the park is
actually an ecosphere so don’t make it a dustbin and lastly SMOKERS are only
allowed to inhale the natural and refreshing air.
Other
attractions
Dhikala
is a well-known destination in the park and situated at the fringes of Patli
Dun valley. There is a rest house, which was built hundred of years ago. Kanda
ridge forms the backdrop, and from Dhikala, there are views of the valley.
Jeep
Safari is the most common way to travel within the national park; jeeps can be
rented for park trips from Ramnagar.
Treks:
tourists are not allowed to walk inside the park, but only to go trekking
around the park in the company of a guide. The winter season is cold, so
tourists should make proper arrangements for their clothing, if they are
traveling in the winter season.
Walking
Safaris are possible in the buffer zone areas - and very rewarding with Corbett
having a very healthy and lush, rich buffer zone around; look for lodges around
with trained staff for the same.
Kalagarh
Dam is dam located in the south-west of the wildlife sanctuary. This is one of
the best places for a bird watching tour. Lots of migratory waterfowl comes
here in the winters.
Corbett
Falls is a 20 m (66 ft) water fall situated 25 km (16 mi) from Ramnagar, and 4
km (2.5 mi) from Kaladhungi, on the Kaladhungi–Ramnagar highway. The water
falls is surrounded by dense forests and pin drop silence.
Garjiya
Devi Temple is sacred to Garjiya Devi and is mostly visited by the traveller
during the Kartik Purnima (November – December). It is a prominent temple
located on the bank of river Kosi, amidst the hilly terrains of Uttarakhand,
nearby Garjiya village, at a distance of 14 km. from Ramnagar, Uttarakhand,
India.
In
popular culture
The
2005 Bollywood movie Kaal has a plot set in the Jim Corbett National Park. The
movie was filmed at the park as well.
In
August 2019, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi appeared in a special
episode of Discovery Channel's show Man vs Wild with the host Bear Grylls,
where he trekked the jungles and talked about nature and wildlife conservation
with Grylls. The episode was filmed in Jim Corbett National Park and broadcast
in 180 countries along India.
Bird
Watching Experience
With
more than 550 species of significant avifauna including habitant and migrating
birds, Jim Corbett offers a splendid bird watching experience to the tourists.
Your knowledge about the birds does not matter here as there are more than 500
species, so you can just enjoy looking at them, interacting with each other and
feel real close to the natural world.
Birds
like parakeet, crested serpent eagle, bee eaters, tawny fish owl, red jungle
fowl and several other migratory birds. Some of the popular spots for bird
watching within the park include Durga Devi Zone, which is the most beautiful
location for spotting exotic birds.
The
lush green settings of this zone and the availability of food attracts a large
number of local as well as migratory birds to this setting. Winter is the best
time for bird watching in this zone as during this period of the year; it
attracts a large number of migratory birds to this region.
Good Points about Corbett National Park
· Good-looking place with rich range of wildlife, including tiger
and elephant.
· Jeep safari and Elephant safaris which will allow wildlife to be
seen nearby and are great fun.
· Fairly easy to journey to Corbett for the reason that of the
morning and overnight train between Delhi and Ramnagar.
Bad Points about Corbett National Park
· Extremely accepted by tourists, for that reason it was high demand
for jeep safari and elephant safaris and frequently exceed availability.
- Corbett Forest Rest House and Hotel in Corbett National Park are limited, advisable to make booking, before you go Corbett National Park.
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